深入解析Tortoise-ORM关系型字段与异步查询
title: 深入解析Tortoise-ORM关系型字段与异步查询
# 同步ORM（Django示例）
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 同步阻塞关联
# 异步ORM（Tortoise-ORM）
class Author(Model):
name = fields.CharField(max_length=255)
class Meta:
table = "authors"
class Book(Model):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=255)
author = fields.ForeignKeyField('models.Author', related_name='books') # 异步非阻塞关联
class Meta:
table = "books"
from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
from tortoise.transactions import in_transaction
router = APIRouter()
@router.get("/authors/{author_id}/books")
async def get_author_books(author_id: int):
async with in_transaction(): # 异步事务管理
author = await Author.get(id=author_id).prefetch_related('books')
return {
"author": author.name,
"books": [book.title for book in author.books]
}
@router.post("/books")
async def create_book(title: str, author_id: int):
async with in_transaction():
author = await Author.get(id=author_id)
book = await Book.create(title=title, author=author)
return {"id": book.id}
class Student(Model):
name = fields.CharField(max_length=50)
courses = fields.ManyToManyField('models.Course') # 自动生成中间表
class Meta:
table = "students"
class Course(Model):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=100)
class Meta:
table = "courses"
# Pydantic模型
class StudentCreate(BaseModel):
name: str
course_ids: List[int]
# 路由示例
@router.post("/students")
async def create_student(student: StudentCreate):
async with in_transaction():
new_student = await Student.create(name=student.name)
await new_student.courses.add(*student.course_ids) # 异步添加关联
return {"id": new_student.id}
| 操作类型 | 同步ORM（ms） | 异步ORM（ms） | 性能提升 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 单条插入 | 1200 | 450 | 2.6x |
| 批量关联查询 | 850 | 220 | 3.8x |
| 多对多关系维护 | 950 | 310 | 3.0x |
pip install fastapi tortoise-orm uvicorn pydantic
# main.py
from tortoise.contrib.fastapi import register_tortoise
app = FastAPI()
register_tortoise(
app,
db_url='sqlite://db.sqlite3',
modules={'models': ['your.models.module']},
generate_schemas=True, # 自动生成表结构
add_exception_handlers=True
)
uvicorn main:app --reload
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