如何用FastAPI和Tortoise-ORM打造一个既高效又灵活的角色管理系统？
title: 如何用FastAPI和Tortoise-ORM打造一个既高效又灵活的角色管理系统？
# 环境要求：Python 3.8+, 安装依赖包
# pip install fastapi==0.78.0 tortoise-orm==0.19.3 pydantic==1.10.7
from tortoise.models import Model
from tortoise import fields
class Role(Model):
# 角色唯一标识
id = fields.IntField(pk=True)
# 角色名称（唯一约束）
name = fields.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True)
# 角色描述信息
description = fields.TextField()
# 是否启用该角色
is_active = fields.BooleanField(default=True)
# 创建时间（自动记录）
created_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
table = "auth_roles"
from pydantic import BaseModel
from datetime import datetime
class RoleCreate(BaseModel):
name: str
description: str
is_active: bool = True
class RoleResponse(RoleCreate):
id: int
created_at: datetime
class Config:
orm_mode = True # 启用ORM模式
class Permission(Model):
id = fields.IntField(pk=True)
code = fields.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) # 权限编码
name = fields.CharField(max_length=50) # 权限名称
class Meta:
table = "auth_permissions"
# 更新角色模型添加关联
class Role(Model):
# ...原有字段保持不变...
permissions = fields.ManyToManyField(
"models.Permission",
related_name="roles",
through="role_permissions" # 中间表名称
)
from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException
router = APIRouter(prefix="/roles", tags=["角色管理"])
@router.post("", response_model=RoleResponse)
async def create_role(role: RoleCreate):
# 检查角色是否存在
if await Role.exists(name=role.name):
raise HTTPException(400, "角色已存在")
# 创建新角色
role_obj = await Role.create(**role.dict())
return await RoleResponse.from_tortoise_orm(role_obj)
@router.get("/{role_id}", response_model=RoleResponse)
async def get_role(role_id: int):
role = await Role.get_or_none(id=role_id).prefetch_related("permissions")
if not role:
raise HTTPException(404, "角色不存在")
return role
@router.post("/{role_id}/permissions")
async def assign_permission(role_id: int, permission_id: int):
role = await Role.get_or_none(id=role_id)
permission = await Permission.get_or_none(id=permission_id)
if not (role and permission):
raise HTTPException(404, "角色或权限不存在")
# 添加关联关系
await role.permissions.add(permission)
return {"msg": "权限分配成功"}
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/roles \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"name":"admin","description":"系统管理员"}'
# 在应用启动时添加初始化代码
from tortoise import Tortoise
async def init_db():
await Tortoise.init(
db_url='sqlite://db.sqlite3',
modules={'models': ['your_module']} # 替换为实际模型所在模块
)
await Tortoise.generate_schemas()
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